[摘要]
目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)和单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)等对宫颈癌的病毒病因学作用。
方法 应用PCR-核酸内切酶分型检测宫颈癌活检组织中HPV-DNA和HSV-DNA基因,以正常宫颈组织作对照。
结果 在宫颈癌活检组织中HPV-16,18型和HSV-2型阳性率分别为38.9%和34.6% ,与正常妇女宫颈组织比较阳性率均为3.2%,P<0.001, 差异有显著性。结论 HPV-16,18型和HSV-2型是诱发宫颈癌的重要病原因子。
[主题词]
宫颈癌 人乳头瘤病毒 单纯疱疹病毒 PCR-酶谱分型
Detection of human papillomavirus and herpesvirus genotypes in biopsy specimens of cervical carcinoma by PCR- endonuclease cleavage
Li lianqing Zhu Qingyi Zheng Shuming Lab.Molecular Microbiology, Shanxi Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030013
Abstracts This study was to detect the human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) genotypes in biopsy specimens of cervical carcinoma and genital verruca by PCR-endonuclease cleavage. Samples of biopsy were obtained from 390 patients with cervical carcinoma. 136 patients with acuminate verruca. 176 patients with cervical erosion, and 94 cervical secretion of normal women. Presence of HPV and HSV genotypes was detected by PCR and endonuclease cleavage. The results in this study indicated that the HPV type 16, 18, 35 were found in 152 (38.9%) of 390 cervical carcinoma. 56 (31.8%) of 176 cervical erosion, while HPV types 6, 11 were found in 80 (58.8%) of 136 acuminate erruca. The HSV-2 type were found in 135 (34.6%) of 390 cervical carcinoma and 33(18.7%)of 176 cervical erosion, The HPV 16, 18, 35 types and HSV-2 type were found in normal cervical secretion of control group was 3.2% positive, respectively. There was significant difference between test group of cervical carcinoma and control group of normal cervical secretion (P<0.001 by х2 analysis). The restriction endonuclease analysis of these amplified products showed that HPV 16, 18, 35 types and HSV-2 type from cervical carcinoma were positive 23.3%, 14.6%, 1.0% and 34.6%, respectively. While HPV 6, 11 types from acuminate verruca were positive 36.0% and 22.8%, respectively. The results suggest HPV 16, 18 types and HSV-2 type were associated with the majority of cervical carcinoma.
[Key worlds]
cervical carcinoma Human papillomavirus Herpes simplex virus PCR-endonuclease cleavage.
宫颈癌是妇科常见的肿瘤,引起宫颈癌的病因是复杂的。近年来随着分子生物学技术在肿瘤病原病因学研究中应用,发现HSV-2型和HPV是引起妇女生殖器疣和诱发宫颈癌的重要病原之一[1-4]。本文应用PCR-酶谱分型对宫颈癌和尖锐湿疣等妇女生殖器细胞增生性病变作了病毒病原学探讨研究,报告如下。
材料与方法
一.标本来源:
1993年6月—1997年12月,在山西省肿瘤医院,山西省妇幼保健院,太原市中心医院妇产科住院和门诊病人临床诊断为宫颈癌390例,尖锐湿疣136例,取宫颈活检组织, 宫颈糜烂176例,取宫颈分泌物;对照组为94例正常妇女,取宫颈分泌物,于1ml PBS 缓冲液中,-30℃保存。
————————————————————————————
中华实验和临床病毒学杂志1999,13(2):235-238发表
作者单位:030013 太原 山西省儿童医院分子微生物室 (李连青);广州金域医学检验中心(朱庆义);山西省肿瘤医院(郑曙民)
二.方法:
1.引物合成:HPV-2(16、18、35)和HSV-1、2 型引物由本室自行设计,中国科学院微生物学研究所协助合成;HPV-1(6、11型)和HHCE(包括HSV-1、HSV-2,HCMV和EBV 4种疱疹病毒)引物由军事医科院微生物流行病研究所和空军总医院临床分子生物学研究中心提供。
HPV-II(16,18,35型)引物:基因序列位于L1区,扩增产物HPV16/18型为676bp ,HPV-35型为670bp,引物序列如下:
上游引物序列为 5’-TTA GGT GTT GGC CTT AGT GG-3’
下游引物序列为 5’-GAG TGG TAT CTA CCA CAG TAA-3’
HSV引物:基因序列位于DNA聚合酶基因区,设计了3条引物,扩增产物HSV-1为362bp,HSV-2为374bp,序列如下。
HSV-1上游引物序列为 5’-GAC GAG GAC GAA CGC GAG GA-3’
HSV-2上游引物序列为 5’-GAC GAG GAT AAG GAC GAC GAC G-3’
HSV-1/2 共同下游引物序列为 5’-GAG CGG ATC TGC TTT CGC AT-3’
2. DNA模板提取:取活检组织约3mm3于100ul盐水中捣碎,宫颈分泌物离心后取沉淀物100 ul,加2 X PCR 蛋白酶-K 裂解液100ul(P-K酶200 ug/ ml),60℃1小时,煮沸10分钟,离心沉淀,取上清液作PCR。
3.PCR程序:于0.5ml ul 反应管中分别加PCR反应混合液10ul,DNA模板提取液15ul,置扩增仪中(PTC-100 MJ Research, Inc),93℃预变性3分钟,进入循环,93℃ 1分钟-58℃ 1分钟-72℃ 1分钟,共30周期,最后72℃延伸5分钟。用1.5% 琼脂糖凝胶电泳(含EB 0.5ug/ml),紫外检测仪观察结果。所有临床标本均先用HPV-1,HPV-II,和HHCE多基因引物作PCR试验筛查,阳性者再用酶切分型鉴定。
4.酶切分型:HPV-DNA阳性扩增产物用限制性核酸内切酶作酶切分型鉴定。HPV-6型产物用Taql酶切成130bp和254bp;HPV11型酶切后仍为一条384bp区带;HPV-16型产物用BamHI酶切成178bp和498bp;HPV-18型产物用pstI酶切成377bp和299bp;HPV-35型产物用DdeI酶切成380bp和290bp。HHCE- DNA阳性者分别用HSV-1和HSV-2作分型测定,扩增产物用TaqI核酸内切酶作酶切分型鉴定,HSV-1型酶切成140bp和222bp,HSV-2型酶切成110bp和264bp。
结果与讨论
一.临床标本PCR检测结果:宫颈癌组织中HPV-II(16,18,35型)和HSV阳性率分别为38.9%和36.2%,HPV和HSV混合感染阳性率为4.1%。尖锐湿疣主要是HPV-I(6,11型)感染,阳性率为58.8%,HPV-II仅占3.7%。宫颈糜烂患者组织中HPV-II和HSV阳性率分别为31.8%和22.2%。对照组正常宫颈分泌物HPV-II和HSV阳性率均为3.2%。经统计学分析,宫颈癌,尖锐湿疣,宫颈糜烂与正常对照组比较,HPV和HSV感染阳性率均高于对照组,P<0.001,见表1。本结果表明,妇女生殖道HPV和HSV感染是诱发宫颈癌的重要致病因素。多数学者认为宫颈癌的发病与HPV 和HSV-2感染密切相关[1-4],在其活检组织中可检出HPV-DNA 和HSV-DNA基因[5]。由于病毒DNA被整合到正常宫颈上皮细胞的DNA中,使正常细胞转化为肿瘤细胞,演变为不典型增生,原位癌或浸润癌[6]。
表1,临床标本各类病毒DNA基因检测结果
Tab 1. Results of detection of various virus genes in biopsy specimens of cervical carcinoma by polymerase chain reactio
| 临床标本 |
病例数 |
阳性数 n(%) No.positive | |||||||
| Clinical Specimens | No.cases |
HPV-I |
HPV-II |
HSV |
CMV |
EBV |
HPV+ HSV |
HPV+ CMV |
P |
| 宫颈癌 Cervical carcinoma |
390 |
6 (1.5) |
152 (38.9) |
141 (36.2) |
9 (2.3) |
5 (1.3) |
16 (4.1) |
8 (0.3) |
<0.001 |
| 尖锐湿疣 Acuminate verruca |
136 |
80 (58.8) |
5 (3.7) |
DN |
DN |
DN |
DN |
DN |
<0.001 |
| 宫颈糜烂 Cervical erosion |
176 |
2 (1.1) |
56 (31.8) |
39 (22.2) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
<0.001 |
| 正常宫颈 Normal cervix |
94 |
0 |
3 (3.2) |
3 (3.2) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
二.HPV和HSV酶切分型检测结果:对宫颈癌,尖锐湿疣和宫颈糜烂患者检出HPV-I,HPV-II和HSV-DNA 阳性者,其扩增产物分别用核酸内切酶作分型鉴定,结果见表2。宫颈癌患者感染的主要是HPV-16型(23.3%),HPV-18型(14.6%)和HSV-2型(34.6%);尖锐湿疣则以HPV-6型(36.0%)和HPV-11型(22.8%)为主;宫颈糜烂患者也以HPV-16型(18.7%),HPV-18型(11.9%)和HSV-2型(21.0%)感染为主,与宫颈癌相类似。
表2, HPV,HSV-DNA酶切分型检测结果
Tab.2 Results of HPV & HSV genetypes by PCR-endonuclease cleavage
| 临床标本 |
病例数 |
阳性数 n(%) No.positive | ||||||
| Clinical Specimens |
No.cases |
HPV-I |
HPV-II |
HSV | ||||
|
6 |
11 |
16 |
18 |
35 |
1 |
2 | ||
| 宫颈癌 Cervical carcinoma |
390 |
3 (0.8) |
3 (0.8) |
91 (23.3) |
57 (14.6) |
4 (1.0) |
6 (1.5) |
135 (34.6) |
| 尖锐湿疣 Acuminate verruca |
136 |
49 (36.0) |
31 (22.8) |
4 (2.9) |
1 (0.7) |
0 |
DN |
DN |
| 宫颈糜烂 Cervical erosion |
176 |
2 (1.1) |
0 |
33 (18.7) |
21 (11.9) |
2 (1.1) |
2 (1.1) |
37 (21.0) |
目前已知HPV有70多个基因型,与人类疾病有关的有10多个基因型[7]。由于基因型不同,引起粘膜上皮细胞病理变化的类型也不同,HPV16,18,35型主要引起宫颈癌和上皮细胞内瘤样变(称其为高危型);HPV6,11型主要引起生殖器疣(称其为低危型)。其作用机理是由于HPV感染后持续性刺激角化细胞,并提供了促有丝分裂增殖的肿瘤基因,并持续表达而导致肿瘤的发生[8-9]。关于疱疹病毒与宫颈癌发病的关系,疱疹病毒包括单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1,HSV-2),巨细胞病毒(CMV),和EB病毒(EBV)。与宫颈癌密切相关的是HSV-2型,CMV与EBV则与其它癌症(乳腺癌,鼻咽癌等)的发病相关[10]。本组病例HSV2-DNA检出率高达34.6%,由于HSV-DNA可整合到正常细胞的DNA中,使正常细胞转化为肿瘤细胞而导致宫颈细胞演变为不典型增生,或发展成宫颈癌。本研究结果表明HPV和HSV感染与宫颈癌的发病密切相关,但要肯定其为宫颈癌的病原,还许作进一步深入地研究。
[参考文献]
[1]. Adam E, Rawls WE, Melnik JL,. The association of herpesvirus type 2 infection and cervical carcinoma. Prev Med 1974;3:122-141.
[2]. Minhui G, Yuexin P, Xuejun J, et al. Detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 immunofluorescence method. Chinese J Oncol 1979;1:244-259.
[3]. Resnick RM, Cornelissen MTE, Wright DK, et al. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cancer specimens by DNA amplification with consensus premers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:1477-1484.
[4]. Wheeler CM, Yanada T, Hildesheim A, et al. Human papillomavirus type 16 sequence variants: Identification by E6 and L1 lineage-specific hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:11-19.
[5]. Rosenbaum SM, Tsvieli R, Lavie O et al. Simultaneous detection of three common sexually transmited agents by polymerase chain reaction. Am J Obster Gynecol 1994;171:784-790.
[6]. Naib ZM, Nahmias AJ, Josey WE, et al. Relation of cytohistopathology of genital herpesvirus infection to cervical anaplasia. Cancer Res 1973;33:1452-1463.
[7]. Manos MM, Waldeman J, Zhang TY, et al. Epidemiology and partical nucleotide sequence of four novel genital human papillomavirus. J Infect Dis 1994;170:1096-1099.
[8]. Rusk D, Sutton GP, Cook KY, et al. Analysis of invasive sequemous cell carcinoma of the vulva and vulvar intaepithelial neoplasia for the presence of human papillomavirus DNA. Obstet Gynecol 1991;73:918-922.
[9]. Baay MFD, Quint WGV, Koudstaal J, et al. Comprehensive study of several genital and type-specific primer pairs for detection of human papillomavirus DNA by PCR in paraffin-embedded cervical carcinoma. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:745-747.
[10]. Hobson A, Wald A, Wright N, et al. Evaluation of a quantitative competitive PCR assay for measuring herpes simplex virus DNA content in genital tract secretions. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:548-552.



